{"id":364134,"date":"2024-05-05T14:50:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-05T14:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/englishturbo.com\/blog\/%d9%88%d8%a7%da%98%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%8c-%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d8%b9%d8%a8\/"},"modified":"2025-12-21T18:21:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T14:51:12","slug":"%d9%88%d8%a7%da%98%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%8c-%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d8%b9%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/englishturbo.com\/blog\/%d9%88%d8%a7%da%98%da%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%8c-%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d8%b9%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 18 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc) \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Business English) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n\u0634\u0626<\/strong><\/td>\nItem<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nWhiteboard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/td>\n\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPencil cup<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0645\u0627\u0698\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMarker<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0642\u06cc\u0686\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nScissors<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nHole punch<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u06af\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nStapler<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDesk calculator<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAgenda = an appointment diary<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nTape measure<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPaperclip<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0686\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPost-it notes<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0631 \/ \u062a\u06cc\u063a \u0628\u0631\u0634<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCutter<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPencil sharpener<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0633\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDuct tape<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDossier<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06af\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPrinter<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCoffee machine<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nOffice drawer<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nFiling Cabinet<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0633<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nFax machine<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLandline Phone<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u067e\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0622\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u062f\u0646 (Roll up your sleeves<\/strong>): \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: it’s not easy work to do, so you have to roll up your sleeves.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2- To keep the nose to the grindstone<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: My husband keeps his nose to the grindstone when he works.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3- Learn the hard way<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. (\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647)<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: I used to learn the hard way.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4- To pull your socks up<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: That wasn’t a difficult task, so we didn’t pull our socks up to accomplish it.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5- To get your feet under the table<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: This time Kate quickly got her feet under the table.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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